Teaching a New Dog Old Tricks: Resurrecting Multilingual Retrieval Using Zero-shot Learning

While billions of non-English speaking users rely on search engines every day, the problem of ad-hoc information retrieval is rarely studied for non-English languages. This is primarily due to a lack of data set that are suitable to train ranking algorithms. In this paper, we tackle the lack of data by leveraging pre-trained multilingual language models to transfer a retrieval system trained on English collections to non-English queries and documents. Our model is evaluated in a zero-shot setting, meaning that we use them to predict relevance scores for query-document pairs in languages never seen during training. Our results show that the proposed approach can significantly outperform unsupervised retrieval techniques for Arabic, Chinese Mandarin, and Spanish. We also show that augmenting the English training collection with some examples from the target language can sometimes improve performance.Comment: ECIR 2020 (short

Advances in the design of macroporous polymer scaffolds for potential applications in dentistry

A paradigm shift is taking place in medicine and dentistry from using synthetic implants and tissue grafts to a tissue engineering approach that uses degradable porous three-dimensional (3D) material hydrogels integrated with cells and bioactive factors to regenerate tissues such as dental bone and other oral tissues. Hydrogels have been established as a biomaterial of choice for many years, as they offer diverse properties that make them ideal in regenerative medicine, including dental applications. Being highly biocompatible and similar to native extracellular matrix, hydrogels have emerged as ideal candidates in the design of 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration and drug delivery applications. However, precise control over hydrogel properties, such as porosity, pore size, and pore interconnectivity, remains a challenge. Traditional techniques for creating conventional crosslinked polymers have demonstrated limited success in the formation of hydrogels with large pore size, thus limiting cellular infiltration, tissue ingrowth, vascularization, and matrix mineralization (in the case of bone) of tissue-engineered constructs. Emerging technologies have demonstrated the ability to control microarchitectural features in hydrogels such as the creation of large pore size, porosity, and pore interconnectivity, thus allowing the creation of engineered hydrogel scaffolds with a structure and function closely mimicking native tissues. In this review, we explore the various technologies available for the preparation of macroporous scaffolds and their potential applications

Meat buying and use in the Missouri restaurants

Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Descriptive analysis of the Missouri restaurant industry

This bulletin is a report on Department of Agricultural Economics research project 386, 'Meat Marketing Economics'--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

A case study in decompounding for Bengali information retrieval

Decompounding has been found to improve information retrieval (IR) effectiveness for compounding languages such as Dutch, German, or Finnish. No previous studies, however, exist on the effect of decomposition of compounds in IR for Indian languages. In this case study, we investigate the effect of decompounding for Bengali, a highly agglutinative Indian language. Some unique characteristics of Bengali compounding are: i) only one constituent may be a valid word in contrast to the stricter requirement of both being so; and ii) the first character of the right constituent can be modified by the rules of sandhi in contrast to simple concatenation. While the standard approach of decompounding based on maximization of the total frequency of the constituents formed by candidate split positions has proven beneficial for European languages, our reported experiments in this paper show that such a standard approach does not work particularly well for Bengali IR. As a solution, we firstly propose a more relaxed decompounding where a compound word can be decomposed into only one constituent if the other constituent is not a valid word, and secondly we perform selective decompounding by employing a co-occurrence threshold to ensure that the constituent often co-occurs with the compound word, which in this case is representative of how related are the constituents with the compound. We perform experiments on Bengali ad-hoc IR collections from FIRE 2008 to 2012. Our experiments show that both the relaxed decomposition and the co-occurrence-based constituent selection proves more effective than the standard frequency-based decomposition. improving MAP up to 2:72% and recall up to 1:8%

An Evaluation of Diversification Techniques

Diversification is a method of improving user satisfaction by increasing the variety of information shown to user. Due to the lack of a precise definition of information variety, many diversification techniques have been proposed. These techniques, however, have been rarely compared and analyzed under the same setting, rendering a ‘right’ choice for a particular application very difficult. Addressing this problem, this paper presents a benchmark that offers a comprehensive empirical study on the performance comparison of diversification. Specifically, we integrate several state-of-the-art diversification algorithms in a comparable manner, and measure distinct characteristics of these algorithms with various settings. We then provide in-depth analysis of the benchmark results, obtained by using both real data and synthetic data. We believe that the findings from the benchmark will serve as a practical guideline for potential applications

Microfluidic cell sorter with integrated piezoelectric actuator

We demonstrate a low-power (<0.1 mW), low-voltage (<10 Vp-p) on-chip piezoelectrically actuated micro-sorter that can deflect single particles and cells at high-speed. With rhodamine in the stream, switching of flow between channels can be visualized at high actuation frequency (~1.7 kHz). The magnitude of the cell deflection can be precisely controlled by the magnitude and waveform of input voltage. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that the drag force imposed on the suspended particle/cell by the instantaneous fluid displacement can alter the trajectory of the particle/cell of any size, shape, and density of interest in a controlled manner. The open-loop E. Coli cell deflection experiment demonstrates that the sorting mechanism can produce a throughput of at least 330 cells/s, with a promise of a significantly higher throughput for an optimized design. To achieve close-loop sorting operation, fluorescence detection, real-time signal processing, and field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) implementation of the control algorithms were developed to perform automated sorting of fluorescent beads. The preliminary results show error-free sorting at a sorting efficiency of ~70%. Since the piezoelectric actuator has an intrinsic response time of 0.1–1 ms and the sorting can be performed under high flowrate (particle speed of ~1–10 cm/s), the system can achieve a throughput of >1,000 particles/s with high purity

Electrically addressable vesicles: Tools for dielectrophoresis metrology

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has emerged as an important tool for the manipulation of bioparticles ranging from the submicron to the tens of microns in size. Here we show the use of phospholipid vesicle electroformation techniques to develop a new class of test particles with specifically engineered electrical propserties to enable identifiable dielectrophoretic responses in microfabricated systems. These electrically addressable vesicles (EAVs) enable the creation of electrically distinct populations of test particles for DEP. EAVs offer control of both their inner aqueous core and outer membrane properties; by encapsulating solutions of different electrolyte strength inside the vesicle and by incorporating functionalized phospholipids containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brushes attached to their hydrophilic headgroup in the vesicle membrane, we demonstrate control of the vesicles’ electrical polarizabilities. This combined with the ability to encode information about the properties of the vesicle in its fluorescence signature forms the first steps toward the development of EAV populations as metrology tools for any DEP-based microsystem.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant RR199652)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant EB005753)Merck/CSBi (Fellowship)Solomon Buchsbaum AT&T Research Fun